Labor Day is a public holiday celebrated on
the first Monday in September. It honors the American labor movement and the
contributions that workers have made to the strength, prosperity, and
well-being of their country.
Labor Day was promoted by the Central Labor
Union and the Knights of Labor, who organized the first parade in New York
City. After the Haymarket Massacre in Chicago on May 4, 1886, U.S. President
Grover Cleveland feared that commemorating Labor Day on May 1 could become an
opportunity to commemorate the affair. Therefore, in 1887, the United States
holiday was established in September to support the Labor Day that the Knights
favored.
In 1882, Matthew Maguire, a machinist, first
proposed the holiday while serving as secretary of the CLU (Central Labor
Union) of New York.[2] Others argue that it was first proposed by Peter J.
McGuire of the American Federation of Labor in May 1882, after witnessing the
annual labour festival held in Toronto, Canada. Oregon was the first state to
make it a holiday on February 21, 1887. By the time it became a federal holiday
in 1894, thirty states officially celebrated Labor Day.
Following the deaths of a number of workers
at the hands of the U.S. military and U.S. Marshals during the Pullman Strike,
the United States Congress unanimously voted to approve rush legislation that
made Labor Day a national holiday; President Grover Cleveland signed it into
law a mere six days after the end of the strike. The September date originally
chosen by the CLU of New York and observed by many of the nation's trade unions
for the previous several years was selected rather than the more widespread
International Workers' Day because Cleveland was concerned that observance of
the latter would be associated with the nascent socialist and anarchist
movements that, though distinct from one another, had rallied to commemorate
the Haymarket Affair in International Workers' Day. All U.S. states, the
District of Columbia, and the territories have made it a statutory holiday.
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